Urban renewal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Urban renewal - Essay Example gs to me was the way Majora Carter talked about how rich peoples decisions had hurt her community in the past, but how all she wanted to do now was make life better in the city for everybody. It was inspiring to see that she was more interested in making her own community better and not on punishing the people who had made her community so bad in the first place. Especially because her own life had been made bad as well in the start because of that. Because it was easy to relate to Majora Carter, her talk was very interesting. I also liked how she explained how things would effect people and not just what they were. The thing I wanted to learn more about was green roofs. According to Majora Carter these are roofs made out of plants and soil instead of normal roof material. I guess this would be like having a garden on your roof, and I think it would be really nice to have a whole city of nothing but green roofs. It would be like turning a whole city into a garden. I will be looking up more about these to see how they work and what you need to do to get

Presentation Essay Example for Free

Presentation Essay As a matter of introduction, I would provide the students with all relevant information concerning the topic in question and thereafter introduce the use of graphic organizers. Firstly, I would let the students be in pairs and assign them a task which will require the two to discuss. I would henceforth combine several pairs of the students to form a small group for purposes of discussion. Thereafter, I would join the small groups to form the whole class and therefore let them work as a class. The first step of teaching the students helps them to learn all the required concepts before they are allowed to master the concepts through graphic organizers (Danford, 2006). Step two which has given two students the chance to read through their books and hence gather information. The sub-groups on the other hand helps the students to compare any information they came up with and therefore be able to decide what was the required information. Given that the groups will have drawn a conclusion, the whole class shall benefit when the results are read by different leaders of the small groups. Finally, I would request the students to all write a report individually which shows their masterly level. The next step in my plan would be to help the students be able to attain the objectives of the lessons as per the requirements. This I would help the students to achieve the right information for the specific class. Graphic organizers would be best to use where I would allow the students to identify the required concepts of the lesson. Most students would be able to assimilate all the information about a specific lesson only when they are given a brief summary which contains the objectives of the lesson (Adams, 2007). Therefore, graphic organizers would help me to summarize all the required concepts for students to understand easily. With this I would let the students know that the objectives of the specific lesson are summarized in the graphic organizer. The following is an example of a graphic organizer that highlights on events which depend on certain inputs and specific requirements for the output to be as desired. The above graphic organizer has elaborated on how the required results of the task would not be got without the input which has to go through certain processing to attain the required specification. Michael (2004) observed that this type graphic organizer helps the students during their revision to spot the necessity of specific requirements for the output to be as desired. Students shall hence be in a position to formulate several relating questions especially on the requirements for the output to be as specified. Mostly the graphic organizer will hence be of help to the students especially in identifying the right flow of the required process before they get the final result.

The 1918-1919 Influenza Epidemic Essay -- The Great Influenza Pandemic

â€Å"I made money rapidly,† Charles Sligh explained, â€Å"The demands for flowers frequently were so great that all the florists in this community exhausted their supply daily, and the prices of everything were very high then.†1 Along with florists, funeral directors, and orderlies were also making a killing during World War One. â€Å"The undertaker which was half a block away from me had pine boxes on the sidewalk, pilled high. Me and two of my friends would go down there and play on those boxes; it was like playing on the pyramids.†2 Although business was booming for these professions, it was not because of the war. It was the result of an unexpected killer that swept across the world claiming victims at an unprecedented rate. The 1918-1919 influenza pandemic stretched its lethal tentacles all over the globe, even to the most remote areas of the planet, killing fifty million people or possibly even more. Influenza killed more people in a year than the Black Death of the Middle Ages killed in a century, and it killed more people in twenty-four weeks than AIDS has killed in twenty-four years.3 Influenza normally kills the elderly and infants, but this deadly and abnormal strand claimed young people, those in their twenties or thirties as its target victims. Such was the case for Jules Bergeret. Jules was a â€Å"big, strapping man† who owned a tavern during the epidemic, and on December 11 he celebrated his 32 birthday. Within two weeks Jules, his mother, his sister, and his 25 year old wife all fell victim to the flu, and on December 22 he was dead.4 The virus left victims bleeding out of their nose ears and mouth; some coughing so hard that autopsies would later show that abdominal muscles an d rib cartilage had been torn. Victims ... ...: A Survey, (1927) John. M. Barry, The Great Influenza, The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History (New York: Penguin, 2004), 179 â€Å"Gauze Masks for men on port keep Flu away,† Stars and Stripes, November, 1, 1918. Nancy K. Bristow, American Pandemic, The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 193 John. M. Barry, The Great Influenza, The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History (New York: Penguin, 2004), 171 Nancy K. Bristow, American Pandemic, The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 156 Anne A. Colon, â€Å"Experiences during the Epidemic,† The American Journal of Nursing (1919): 607 â€Å"Spanish Influenza†, Journal of the American Medical Association 71(8):660 Katherine Anne Porter, Pale Horse, Pale Rider (United States: The Modern Library, 1936), 255

The Effects of Drug Abuse

The Effect of Drug Abuse Jason Russ The Effect of Drug Abuse Many people do not understand why or how other people become addicted to drugs. It can be wrongfully assumed that drug abusers lack moral principles or willpower and that they could stop using drugs simply by choosing to change their behavior. In reality, drug addiction is a complex disease, and quitting takes more than good intentions. In fact, because drugs change the brain in ways that foster compulsive drug abuse, quitting is difficult, even for those who are ready to do so.Through scientific advances, we know more about how drugs work in the brain than ever, and we also know that drug addiction can be successfully treated to help people stop abusing drugs and lead productive lives. Today, thanks to science, our views and responses to drug abuse has changed dramatically. â€Å"Groundbreaking discoveries about the brain have revolutionized our understanding of drug addiction, enabling us to respond effectively to the pr oblem,† (Volkow).Addiction is a developmental disease that begins in infancy and adolescence and is influenced by a combination of factors involving genes, environment, and an individual’s age at first drug use. The genes that people are born with in combination environmental influences of their addiction defenselessness. To addition that, gender, ethnicity, and the mental disorders may influence risk for drug abuse and addiction. â€Å"Scientists estimate that genetic factors account for between 40 and 60 percent of a person’s vulnerability to addiction, including the effects of environment on gene expression and function.Adolescents and individuals with mental disorders are at greater risk of drug abuse and addiction than the general population†, (Volkow). Few weakness genes have been found for alcohol dependence and nicotine addiction. Alcoholism is a genetically inherited disease. There are several evidences proving that â€Å"Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine conducted a genome-wide association study in 2006 and identified several novel genes involved in nicotine dependence.In 2004, researchers at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine found a protein, called Arc, which may be a culprit in drug addiction. The protein helps the brain retain memories for longer than an hour or two†, (Association of American Medical Colleges). â€Å"In 1994, scientists at the Oregon Health & Science University were the first to clone the mammalian gene for the D2 dopamine receptor. Dopamine is a brain neurotransmitter that is thought to be essential to the brain’s response to drugs like opiates and psycho stimulants,† (Association of American Medical Colleges). Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine researchers reported in 2006 that men’s brains show evidence of up to three times the amount of the brain chemical dopamine as women’s brains when exposed to amphetamines. This is the first clinical study that explains why more men than women abuse amphetamines and could lead to tailored treatments for drug abuse and neurological diseases†, (Association of American Medical Colleges).On the other hand, many people believe that â€Å"Addiction is a choice†, meaning anyone can stop or moderate their use of addictive drugs anytime they want to by just going to Meditation, Yoga, Exercise, Acupuncture and Counseling. However, drug addiction is a certain disease because one of the main reasons is called dopamine. â€Å"Addictive drugs trigger the release of the brain chemical dopamine, which in turn creates a reward circuit in the brain. This circuit registers that intense experience as â€Å"important† and creates lasting memories of it as a pleasurable experience.Dopamine changes the brain on a cellular level, commanding the brain to â€Å"do it again,† which heightens the possibility of relapse even long after the behavior (or drug) has s topped. Dopamine also helps to explain why intense experiences can be just as addictive as drugs,† (Smithstein). A person’s environment includes many different influences, from family and friends to quality of life in general. Factors such as peer pressure, physical and sexual abuse, stress, and quality of parenting can greatly influence the occurrence of drug abuse and the growth to addiction in a person’s life.Many people today do not understand why some become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster obsessive drug abuse. Parents who abuse drugs or engage in criminal behavior can increase children’s risks of developing their own drug problems. Use of substances by parents and their children is strongly correlated; generally, if parents take drugs, sooner or later their children will also. Teenagers who use drugs are more likely to have one or more parents who also use drugs. Children who depend on illicit drugs usually have poor social skills or academic failures. In 2004, researchers at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computational brain mapping to reveal structural abnormalities in the brains of chronic methamphetamine users†, (Association of American Medical Colleges). â€Å"A 2005 study at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine showed that functional MRI might be used to predict relapse in substance-dependent individuals. A simple two-choice test correctly predicted 20 of 22 subjects who did not relapse and 17 of 18 subjects who did†, (Association of American Medical Colleges). In one study, 41% of addicted parents reported that at least one of their children repeated a grade in school, 19% were involved in truancy, and 30% had been suspended from school†, (National Association for Children of Alcoholics). People, who believe that drug addiction is not a disease, claim that have nothing do with the environm ent. But the scientist says that a people were influenced by a combination factors including genes and environment increased drug abuse. â€Å"In 1995, nearly 3. 1 million children were reported to child protective services as abused or neglected. Approximately one million of these reports were substantiated.Substance abuse was found to be a factor in a majority of these cases†, (sparkaction. org). Behavioral treatments help engage people, modifying their attitudes and behaviors related to drug abuse and increasing their life skills to handle complicated, stressful life circumstances and environmental cues that may trigger intense cravings for drugs. Additionally it can enhance the effectiveness of medications and help people remain in treatment in the longer term. The combination of genetic and environmental, factors with serious developmental stages in a person’s life to affect addiction vulnerability.Even though taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, the ear lier that drug use begins, the more likely it will progress to more serious abuse, which teenagers will suffer more. Because their brains are still developing in the areas that choice, and self-control, young people may be especially prone to risk-taking behaviors, including trying drugs of abuse. Babies may be born premature and underweight were exposed to legal and illegal drugs in the womb. This drug exposure will damage and slow the child’s intellection and behavior later in life. Adolescents who abuse drugs often, do poorly academically, and drop out of school.They are at risk of unplanned pregnancies, violence, and infectious diseases. Adults have problems thinking clearly, remembering, and paying attention because the drugs damaging their brain cells. They often develop poor social behaviors as a result of their drug abuse, and their work performance and personal relationships suffer. Parents’ drug abuse often means chaotic, stress-filled homes and child abuse a nd neglect. â€Å"Such conditions harm the development of children in the home and may set the stage for drug abuse in the next generation. It is a proven fact that substance abuse is the leading cause for people to commit crimes.Drugs and alcohol can mess with a person’s mind and cause them to do stupid things, as in robberies, murders, become violent, etc. Drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, narcotics and non-narcotics (prescription pills), opium, ecstasy, and mushrooms can all lead to psychological effects on a person’s mind. â€Å"Amphetamines and cocaine increase wakefulness, alertness and vigilance, improve concentration, and produce a feeling of clear thinking (Barton R&M, 2008). There is generally an elevation of mood, mild euphoria, increases sociability, and a belief that one can do just about anything. Depending on the drugs that are being used and the way they are being used, depends on how long the effects from it will last. Some can last from a few minutes to a few hours. Usually the prescription pills last for hours and cocaine effects last for only a few minutes. Any drug can lead to problems with a person’s brain; it can make one mentally disabled. It can also lead to regular nose bleeds, loss of smell, swallowing problems and inflammation of nasal septum. This can occur if one abuses drugs by snorting it through their nose.The abuse of prescription drugs are the second most abused drugs in our Nation, with Marijuana being first and Cocaine being third, heroin fourth, and methamphetamine fifth. This list will give an idea of exactly how serious this type of drug addiction is to our Nation today and how it will impact our future. According to the National Health Institute about 20% of people have used prescription drugs for non-medical issues (National Institutes of Health). When you are prescribed pain medication for an injury you may be told to take one pill every 4 hours but you feel that one is not work ing so you take two this is prescription drug abuse.You may not think that it is that big of a deal but studies say that if you abuse it once you are more at risk of abusing prescription drugs again. Although most people who abuse prescription drugs abuse pain killers there are other types that are abused also. Drug addiction is a chronic yet preventable. According to NIDA-funded research, they have shown that prevention programs relating families, schools, communities, and the media are effective in reducing drug abuse. Although many actions and cultural factors affect drug abuse trend, when people recognize drug abuse as harmful, will stop taking drugs.Thus, education is key in helping people and the public understands the risks of drug abuse. Teachers, parents, medical and public health professionals must keep sending the message that drug addiction can be prevented if one never takes drugs. References: Barton R&M 2008. , â€Å"Mexico's Drug-Related Violence,† Congressiona l Research Service â€Å"Drug Use and Abuse: Fighting the Destructive Grip of Addiction† Kirst-Ashman, K. (2011). Human behavior in the macro social environment (3rd ed. ). Brooks Cole.ISBN: 9780495813651. Kolar, A. F. , Brown, B. S. , Haertzen, C. A. , & Michaelson, B. S. , CHILDREN OF ADDICTED PARENTS: IMPORTANT FACTS. National Association for Children of Alcoholics, 1994 Nora D. Volkow, Science of Addiction. National Institutes on Drug Abuse, April 2007 Samantha Smithstein, Dopamine: why it's so hard to â€Å"just say no†. Psychology Today, 19 August 2010

Graffiti : art or vandalism Essay

Graffiti is a true art with different meanings that involves many styles and risks that can damage artists physically and socially. Graffiti is an art, not a simple tagging on a trash can or an alley wall but an actual mural that represents meanings in every detail, style, and even every color. How many times have you seen a graffiti mural and asked yourself: what was the inspiration of the making of the mural? Three arguments in favor of legalizing graffiti are that people shouldn’t judge graffiti also that it’s a way of expressing what the world is going through, and lastly graffiti artists are unfairly punished when they are not a danger to society. Don’t judge graffiti as â€Å"bad† if you don’t know what it stands for. One person who does graffiti in a meaningful way is Obey, who creates communist propaganda. He expresses how he feels and how many people feel about communism. Another person that takes time to express the people thoughts of life is Banksy, he’s one of the most known graffiti artists who’s murals actually make you think of how life is or what the worlds going through . One of many quotes that Banksy wrote is â€Å" People say graffiti is ugly, irresponsible and childish. But that’s only if it’s done properly†. I feel that when someone goes out on their own time to do posters or a mural representing how people from every society are feeling, they should be rewarded for standing up for their people they are also leaders such as the president standing for the country’s rights. Graffiti for many people is more then a simple tagging, it’s their way of life. These artists get up everyday and just draw whatever is on their mind. It could be about a dream, a future goal, or it can even be how they feel about our economy. As you can see in the pictures above, you may think how true are those two quotes. If you look past the quotes, it’s a graffiti mural expressing the daily thoughts of an average person in society. Read more:  Is Graffiti Art or Vandalism Essay Expressing what you think shouldn’t be a crime if you’re not hurting another peer ,a simple scribble could be considered a tagging any one from any age can do that just because they don’t consider them self taggers doesn’t mean there not able to write on a wall Graffiti artists go through a lot just to make a mural. Graffiti artists include adults as well as many teenagers who are trying to express their ways of life. Many get arrested and let go but many get put in jail or juvenile hall for minors-giving a bad reputation for the artist later in life. Many graffiti artist get injured by attempting to do a graffiti piece, anti graffiti citizens go out and attack many artists wile there writing on private properties in many cases gangs get involved causing taggers to get seriously injured and even get killed making a little problem become a big problem. Graffiti is more than a tagging in a alley, though it’s illegal without the property owners say, but with out the owners permission they could express their creativity. With many people against graffiti and not letting graffiti artists do murals in their property, graffiti artists also known as taggers go out and tag wherever they want, making it a crime. I don’t ask for you to take any actions forward graffiti art but to actually take your time and analyze what the graffiti piece signify and not only judge it, in most cases it was done illegally but really think how it would be if there were legal places where graffiti artist could express their thoughts .

Asian Americans And Schizophrenia Social Work Essay Essays

Asian Americans And Schizophrenia Social Work Essay Essays Asian Americans And Schizophrenia Social Work Essay Essay Asian Americans And Schizophrenia Social Work Essay Essay Soon, I work at Community Care Center handling badly mentally sick patients. A new patient of mine includes an older gentleman, named John Doe, who suffers from Schizophrenia, Paranoid type. Mr. Doe is 31 old ages old and considers himself Chinese American. Harmonizing to his charts, Mr. Doe s symptoms began in his early 20 s. Mr. Doe s symptoms include audile hallucinations and psychotic beliefs and his head ailment is that others are seeking to harm him. His intelligence is mean and Mr. Doe is insightful about his status. Harmonizing to Mr. Doe, he emigrated to the U.S. , along with his female parent and sister, during his late adolescence. He states that his male parent passed off from malignant neoplastic disease when Mr. Doe was 11. Mr. Doe s household came to the U.S. in chase of a better, more successful life than the 1 they had in China. He states that he has an 11th class instruction degree and a history of multiple hospitalizations. Mr. Doe states he did non obtain employment after high school since all his clip was spent in a tagging crew. He states he was arrested when the constabulary caught him spray painting behind a supermarket and speaking to himself. Mr. Doe denies any mental unwellness in his household, denies any substance and/or intoxicant maltreatment, and denies any sexual and/or physical maltreatment. I have merely been working with Mr. Doe for a twosome of hebdomads but in order to hold a more enriching curative experience, every bit good as larn how to modify our therapy Sessionss so they are most good for him, I need to go more culturally competent of the Chinese civilization, particularly with regard to how they view mental unwellness. In this paper, I will discourse the jobs and symptoms of Schizophrenia as viewed by the Chinese civilization, socialization, help-seeking behaviours, and discourse intervention considerations. Issues that Effect Treatment Schizophrenia: Problems and Symptoms There are different positions of schizophrenic disorder within different civilizations. The Western hallmark symptoms ( i.e. , agitation, break in societal map, hallucinations, and psychotic beliefs ) of schizophrenic disorder are non similar to what Asiatic households view as being most critical. Family award is of primary importance to Nipponese households ( Lin A ; Lin, 1980 ) . Furthermore, mental unwellness is viewed as diverting from the norm and is viewed as a dishonour to the household. Therefore, in order to protect the household s repute, Asiatic households make great attempts to hide and deny the mental unwellness from others. For Chinese households, holding a household member with mental unwellness carries shame upon the full household ( 1980 ) . Besides, holding a household member with mental unwellness creates jobs with respects to get married off a kid. The significance of the household s repute in matrimony may affect maintaining the mental unwellness a secret in ord er to transport on the household name ( 1980 ) . Delusions and audile hallucinations are recognized otherwise by Asiatic households. Alternatively of fixating on the phantasy of audile hallucinations, Asiatic households may warrant the audile hallucinations as their ascendants taking control and pass oning for the household. Lin and Lin ( 1980 ) illustrated a culture-bound syndrome called hsieh-ping, where a household member undergoes ocular and audile hallucinations, connects with an ascendant for up to many hours, and emulates the dead ascendant s behaviour. Furthermore, psychotic beliefs may be accepted by household members when the psychotic beliefs are conveyed as a concern over an infection. Westermeyer, Lytoung, Wahmenholm, and Westermeyer ( 1989 ) illustrated many instance studies in which Hmong households approved a household member s psychotic beliefs of infection from genital disease or parasites. It is important to indicate out that several Asiatic households may O.K. instead than contend psychotic symptoms. However, the Khmer will perchance insulate the person who is enduring from mental unwellness out of fright of spirit ownership ( Rangaraj, 1980 ) . Socialization Asiatic Americans are comprised of a really assorted group with over two twelve different cultural groups and significant differences in linguistic communication, economic position, instruction, in-migration position, coevals, length of abode in the United States, and proficiency in English ( Rhee, 2009 ) . As a consequence, it is hard to do generalisations about the experiences, patterns, values, and mental wellness of Asiatic Americans as if either represents a standard group. The values of any Asiatic household are regulated by their degrees of socialization. Socialization refers to the procedure of accommodating the norms of the dominant civilization ( Kim, 2007, p. 143 ) . Socialization is regulated by a figure of factors including in-migration history, economic position, educational position, household makeup, and gender. Presently, it is hypothesized that freshly immigrated Asiatic Americans will continue more traditional Asiatic cultural norms than those whose households ma y hold immigrated several old ages ago ( Kim, 2007 ) . The behavioural dimensions of socialization are observed in engagement in cultural events and linguistic communication use, while the value magnitudes of socialization include beliefs about human nature, clip orientation, and relational forms ( Kim, Ahn, A ; Lam, 2009 ) . Researchers hypothesize that persons who are biculturally competent ( i.e. , those capable of run intoing the demands of autochthonal and dominant civilizations ( Kim, 2007, p. 143 ) ) may expose superior psychological wellness than others who are non biculturally competent. Some issues encountered as a effect of in-migration, include psychological effects and ineluctable stressors. Within a household, different members of the household will acculturate at different phases. The different rates of socialization between kids and their parents can do struggles between parents and their kids ( Kim, Ahn, A ; Lam, 2009 ) . Asiatic American parents tend to obey traditional Asiatic values more strongly than their kids. Such value differences will impact both kids s and parents attitudes and determinations. Several Asiatic Americans in the U.S. have limited proficiency in the English linguistic communication ( Carrasco A ; Weiss, 2005 ) . For case, in 2000, there were over 4 million Asiatic American and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. who had Limited English Proficiency ( LEP ) , defined as persons who do non talk English really good ( Carrasco A ; Weiss, 2005, p. 8 ) . In add-on, linguistic communication ability and penchant besides affect socialization degrees. As with many immigrant kids, they may necessitate to go linguistic communication translators for their parents who are less able to understand and talk the English linguistic communication. As a consequence, this new function may show a new challenge amongst the Asiatic household since the parent may experience as if they lost some power and/or authorization ( 2005 ) . In add-on, due to different degrees of socialization, household members may hold different conceptualisations of get bying attitudes, mental wellness and unw ellness, intervention, and intervention ends ( Chun A ; Akutsu, 2009 ) . Additionally, acculturational emphasis ( i.e. , linguistic communication barriers, racism, and lowered societal position ( Kim, 2007 ) ) is a psychological effect that can perchance go on in the class of in-migration. Several Asiatic immigrants undergo many troubles upon coming to the U.S, which may include isolation, confronting a linguistic communication barrier, bead in societal position, migratory wretchedness, rawness with Western patterns, limited societal support, and inability to prosecute in common societal activities ( Rhee, 2009 ) . Acculturational emphasis intensifies a sense of hopelessness and besides may do feelings of anxiousness, disaffection, depression, individuality confusion, and enhanced psychosomatic symptoms ( Kim, 2007 ) . Acculturational emphasis is an of import impression to include when sing the Asiatic household due to the tenseness placed on the household. Keeping in head that there are differing socialization degrees with a household, a practician handling a household that is looking for professional aid demands to give their clip into constructing resonance with the household ( i.e. , prosecuting the determination shaper in the household sing intervention, and making out to widen household members ( Lee, 1997a ) ) . Since socialization degree affects communicating manner, the significance of altering socialization degrees within a household become pertinent upon first contact with the household or a household member. With Chinese American households, holding formality and a degree of interpersonal grace ( Lee, 1997a, p. 66 ) are critical for bring forthing a positive working relationship. Additionally, socialization degree will act upon the comfort degree a household member has with regard to changing degrees of oculus contact. In more traditional households, staring is considered ill-mannered and inappropriate ( Lee, 1997b ) . A lternatively, gentle oculus contact that moves off from the individual who is talking is preferred ( 1997b, p. 488 ) . Using non-blaming linguistic communication or hedging direct confrontation are two ways that may better communicating with less acculturated household members ( Lee, 1997a ) . Acculturation degree is non merely of import to see during rapport-building, but socialization degree is besides of import to see during the assessment procedure ( Kinoshita A ; Hsu, 2007 ) . Early appraisal of the Asiatic American household s degree of socialization offers a footing that can direct the practician s thought procedure ( 2007 ) . Specific instruments have been developed to mensurate socialization for Asiatic populations ( 2007 ) . Measures measuring loss of face, cultural values, cultural individuality, and socialization can besides be utile as such constructs are frequently linked to the patient s socialization degree. Help-Seeking Behaviors The help-seeking behaviour of Asiatic Americans can be explained as a procedure: initial denial, attempts of hiding the unwellness within the household and extended household or community, usage of traditional healing methods, recommendation to a doctor, loath attempts to use hospitalization or psychiatric interventions, and rejection of the affected household member ( Lin A ; Lin, 1980 ) . Harmonizing to Cheung ( 1987 ) , one time the issue is accepted, Asiatic households exhibit three different forms for get bying with mental unwellness. Asiatic households who view psychosis as being strictly psychological are more prone to prorogue seeking outside aid. However, Asiatic households who view psychosis as being strictly bodily, or both psychological and bodily, are more prone to seeking outside aid. Furthermore, Asiatic households who view psychosis as being strictly bodily are more prone to seeking practicians of traditional medical specialty. Therefore, depending on the form of get bying, mental wellness audience can be postponed by months or even old ages. Aid seeking pattern behaviours can be modified by socialization. For case, people in Japan consult common people therapists, whereas Nipponese Americans do non normally consult folk therapists ( Fujii et al. , 1993 ) . Nipponese subjects raised near urban countries may be increasingly westernized around aid seeking, but in the rural countries Nipponese subjects first seek exterior aid ( i.e. , priest and herbal medical specialties ) . Consulting a head-shrinker is still viewed as a last hope. Furthermore, Nipponese patients and their households are non likely to inquiry upon the doctor s decisions ( McDonald-Scott et al. , 1992 ) . Aid seeking by Asians can hold unexpected consequences. Harmonizing to Lin, Tardiff, Donetz, and Goresky ( 1978 ) , Chinese immigrant households in Canada displayed help-seeking behaviour illustrated by relentless efforts to undertake the issue of mental unwellness within the household puting. Consequences of the survey indicated that the household pursued medical attending merely when the household puting proved uneffective. Treatment Considerations To successfully handle and measure Asiatic patients with schizophrenic disorder, I must foremost see my patients in the context of their relationships with their society and more significantly, their household. Treatment of an Asiatic patient enduring from schizophrenic disorder must basically include consideration of the household s attitudes toward schizophrenic disorder and the household s concern over their repute within their society. In working with Asiatic schizophrenic patients, it is equivalent that I understand how the mental unwellness is regarded by the household, the Asiatic society, and the patient. By understanding these positions, my curative confederation with my patient will be established. Acknowledging what causes these jobs, what the household characterizes as jobs, and how the household discusses and seeks service for these issues are all critical affairs in making a curative confederation to ease a culturally sensitive psychiatric intervention and appraisal.

European Imperialism essays

European Imperialism essays Chris Callahan March 13, 2000 Between 1875 and 1914, parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America came under influence of Imperialism. Imperialism is the domination of the political, economic, and cultural life of one country or region by another country. Imperialism was a self-sufficient way of living. European's wanted a self-reliant way of living and gained control of smaller countries and regions to spread influence throughout the world. Imperialism has helped countries build better technology, increase trade, and has helped to build large and powerful militaries. Technology skyrocketed during imperialistic times. Money was available to research and develop new products. New technology made it possible to produce goods in enormous quantities. This cause larger profits. Roads and railroads were built in Africa. They were used mostly to connect European settlements to the coast. They also served to make African products available to the world market. Medicine was also introduced to help people live longer and healthier lives. Technology has been a major factor in the growth of settlements. Technology is needed to better our societies. Another benefit of Imperialism is increased trade. Increased trade brings more money to the colonies, which in turn boosts the economic state of the colonies. Settlements would now be able to raise the living standards and build schools, farms, and communal facilities. (add more) Imperialism can help military power in the colonies to grow. This means that less and less wars would take place. A larger military also means more jobs for citizens. A larger military also means better protection from local territories. (add more) Overall, Imperialism has helped almost all the settlements in which it has been practiced. Imperialism has helped better technology, has improved trade, lowered taxes, increased p ...

Definition of Freeboard of a Ship or Boat

Definition of Freeboard of a Ship or Boat Freeboard in the simplest terms is the distance from the waterline to the top of a vessel’s hull. Freeboard is always a measurement of vertical distance but in most vessels, it is not a single measurement unless the top of the hull is completely flat and parallel to the water along the entire length. Minimum Freeboard One way of expressing freeboard is to refer to the minimum freeboard of a boat or ship. This is an important measurement since it determines how much weight a vessel can carry or how it will perform in wind and waves. If minimum freeboard ever reaches zero it is possible that water could run over the side of the hull and into the boat causing it to sink if enough water accumulates. Some boats have a very low freeboard design that allows easy access to the surface of the water. Examples of this are buoy tenders and research boats which must have easy access to the water to go about their business. By Design Naval architects design these ships with sealed decks so if water does reach the top of the hull it drains off back into the water and does not impact the buoyancy of the ship. Most vessels, large and small, do not have a simple freeboard that is a straight line. Instead, the freeboard is higher at the bow, or front of the vessel, and slopes down to the stern at the rear. The designers shape the hull like this because as a boat moves through the water it might meet waves which are higher than the surface of the water. The higher bow allows a boat to ride up the surface of a wave and keeps water out. Deadrise The method that is used to describe the shape of a hull in naval architecture is called Deadrise. Deadrise is used in all forms shipbuilding since it is an ancient solution to keep unwanted water out of your ship. Cross Section The ideas of freeboard and deadrise come together when we consider a cross section of a hull. If we cut a slice across the hull we see that the profile of the hull rises from the keel at the bottom up to the waterline and then to the top of the hull. The area between the water and the top of the hull is the area where freeboard is measured. If we look at other slices of the hull the freeboard may change from higher in the area of the bow to lower near the stern. Freeboard Is Not Fixed The amount of freeboard is not a fixed number unless a boat always carries exactly the same load. If you load any vessel with more weight the freeboard will decrease and the draft will increase. That is the main reason any vessel must operate within the load capacity calculated by the designers. Compared to old-style pencil and paper drafting techniques that resulted in blueprints which were interpreted by each foreman, new building techniques offer the potential for much more complex and efficient designs. State of the Art Software drafting programs now allow naval architects to design precisely and CNC machines allow builders to stay within a few millimeters of the planned dimensions, even on a 300-meter vessel. The key to this accuracy is the number of stations found along the length of the hull. In the old days, maybe three meters of the hull were described in detailed drawings. Today, the number of stations is only limited to the size of the plan. A taper of one centimeter over 100 meters is possible today, which lets designers make complex shapes and also allows for modular construction and float out before final assembly.

Brainstorm By Howard Nemerov Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brainstorm By Howard Nemerov - Essay Example Although the span of time in which the events of this poem happened is short, it is very detailed, and the details are very clear. It shows how much can happen in a very short time. If I were to liken this poem to a thing, then it would be to a photograph that captures the details of a beautiful moment. This poem describes a moment of reflection for the speaker, where he faces a storm while in the house, and where his mind takes him to an imagined circumstance of becoming the house, of feeling the crows on his head while he is the house, of being torn down by nature, and of being reborn again into something new. Reading the poem, I noticed a rhyme scheme on alternate lines. In some cases, the author used internal rhyme to satisfy the rhyme scheme. The poem has two stanzas, with the first stanza consisting of the bulk of the poem and the second stanza consisting of only one line, which somehow serves as a punch line. Simile can be observed in line 6, where the silence of the wind is likened to a blind man walking through the house. Personification can be observed in lines 7 to 8, where the timber and sap of the house are said to ‘revolt’ from the hold of the washer, bank, and spike. By line 16, I noticed the author used ‘blind’ thrice already, but in different contexts. The first instance refers to the ‘window blinds’, the next is the blind man, and lastly, when the window vanes blur or ‘began to blind’ with rain. At first, it disturbed me, but then maybe the author meant it this way because it probably symbolized something. The house and c rows are personified as they talked to each other. The speaker is then worried that ‘the secret’ might be out as the crows and the house talk. The secret is that â€Å"houses are only trees stretched on the rack.† If nature knew this secret, then it would claim what is rightfully hers; rain will put rust in the nails, shingles will be warped with

Individual Reflective Summary of the Project - How the reflection has Essay

Individual Reflective Summary of the Project - How the reflection has helped you in your learning about knowledge management in - Essay Example The conclusion of this procedure is evident in transformed conceptual viewpoints (Boyd and Fales, 1983). Boyd and Fales concentrated more on self actualisation. Here refection not only enhances the existing information, but challenges the theories and belief systems that are accepted. Atkins and Murphy (1994) improved on this concept by proposing that for reflection to have real effect on the people who practice it, it has to be followed by an intention to act according to the information acquired from reflection. The only issue that is not comprehensively addressed by these different observations of reflection is that they do not address the significance of having action come after reflection. Reflection refers to the dynamic, continual and careful assessment of any kind of knowledge on the basis of its supporting premises and any potential conclusions (Dewey, 2009). Reflection is indicative of the fact that a concept is disbelieved or believed because of some data, evidence, or bas is for that belief. Dewey (2009) stated that there are some three qualities that are evident in most reflective people: liberalism, wholeheartedness, and responsibility. Open-mindedness or being liberal denotes having the capacity to listen and accept more than one explanation of an issue (Hislop, 2009). It also means listening to different perspectives, and acknowledging the fact that even the accepted facts can be questioned. Responsibility refers to the desire to dynamically seek for truth and use the facts that have been revealed in particular problem situations (Fitzgerald 1994). Wholeheartedness is suggestive of the fact that a person can conquer his or her uncertainties and fears by making significant changes, as well as by assessing him or herself and the society at large (Samter and Burleson, 1984). Dewey observed that there were five stages of reflective thought: 1. Suggestion: A challenging situation is construed as being problematic, and a number of proposals are created and viewed as being potential solutions. 2. Intellectualisation: The consequences of the problem have been experienced, and are intellectualised so that the difficulty may be resolved. 3. Guiding Concept: One proposal after another is employed to be a potential solution, or hypothesis; the primary proposal can actually be perceived as a working hypothesis to start and direct observation as well as other functions in the gathering of factual material. 4. Reasoning: Reasoning connects all past and present concepts and contributes towards elaborating on the fact that the reflective inquiry has revealed 5. Hypothesis Testing: The refined concept is agreed upon, and the examination of this hypothesis commences (Dewey, 2009). Dewey viewed reflection as a kind of liberty from the practice of routine behaviour. He affirmed that reflection frees people from impulsiveness as well as routine behaviour. It allows them to direct our actions through foresight, and makes it possible for them to m ake preparations according to the purposes they reached through their deliberations (Dewey, 2009). Donald Schon's ground breaking views on concepts like, 'double-loop learning', 'the learning society', and 'reflection-in-action' grew to be accepted in educational practices. In the 70s, Schon, along with Chris Argyris, came up with the concept of double-loop and single-loop learning (Schon, 1984). Single-loop learning

Essentials of Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Essentials of Negotiation - Essay Example   Describe your negotiation style. My negotiation style tends to be integrative and principled. My primary strength is that I have a good motive in seeking to obtain a win/win situation for all parties; I want to define the goals and maximize the objectives for everyone within a discussion framework that has fair standards and a high level of integrity. The weakness in my position is that a dishonest bargainer could possibly use my desire for consensus to manipulate me through deceit or hardball tactics. 3a.1 I had two friends who engaged in an integrative bargain resulting in a win/win situation. ... The first had a vehicle with relatively high monthly payments. His objective was to get out from under the financial strain and he wasn't concerned with making a profit on the deal. My other friend didn't really need another car but liked our friend's vehicle more than the one what she was driving. They both wanted to make sure the other achieved sensitive to the other's position their objective. She sold her vehicle, bought his for the payoff and, after refinancing with the down payment from the sale of her car, obtained lower monthly payments for herself. Everyone ended up happy. 3a.2 A family friend was the chief financial officer for his company. In analyzing the corporate debt, he determined that a refinance of the mortgage would save thousands of dollars. He called in his banker and asked for a reduced interest rate. At first, the banker was reluctant, but when the CFO mentioned that he could find a better deal at a competing bank if he moved all of the company's accounts (savings, checking, and investments), the banker quickly conceded. The company got a reduced payment and the banker kept the all of the accounts, the loss of which would have cost far more than lowering the interest rate. Even though a concession was made, both parties ultimately won. 3b. Win/Lose 3b.1 One of my relatives knew an individual that had come into some very difficult financial conditions. That person wanted to sell their car to pay off a hospital bill. My relative knew exactly what the other person owed on the car, and hard balled them into taking a price that yielded a $500 profit by pulling out the cash and putting it on the hood.  Ã‚  

Pros and Cons of Introduction of Information Technology Essay

Pros and Cons of Introduction of Information Technology - Essay Example Since economy, education, society, psychology, religion, education and science and technology are reciprocally interconnected, the change in one directly influence the change in other. In the current paper, the evolution of information technology and the affect of introduction of Information technology on various spheres of human life have been studied. The impact of information technology on some of the common features such as productivity, health and democracy has been studied. The advantages and disadvantages of introduction of information technology in these areas have also been discussed. Evolution of Information Technology: The invention of mechanical computer by Charles Babbage, an English mathematician in 1822 opened the door for modern computing. During 1840’s the electrochemical age made a steep progress and thus the conversion of information to electric impulse harnessed the computing and later Herman Hollerith made an electromechanical computer in the year 1880. Howard Aiken, a research scholar at Harvard University made first modern computer in 1942 that was 8 feet tall and 51 feet long and it is known as first generation computer (Kumar, 2003). In the year 1948, first high speed general computer called as ENIAC (Numerical integrator and computer) was developed by the researchers at United States. It was having many vacuum tubes and it was having large size. Transistors were developed in the year 1943 and these were later introduced in the computers during 1960s.

A Case Study of Medical Supplies Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A Case Study of Medical Supplies Ltd - Essay Example ares many of the same pluralistic values as Steele, however the nature by which Harry runs his operation is one with more respect for subordinates in terms of recognizing their overall value to the firm. This paper will describe the scenarios which are causing trouble within Medical Supplies Ltd and will propose a potential solution for handling the crises. The leadership hierarchy at Medical Supplies, Ltd is one that is highly mechanistic, which is categorised by decision-making that is made at the management level without considering the input of subordinate employees; in which employees are simply expected to conform to management directives (Landy & Conte, 2006). Gordon Steele recognises his absolute authority over the entire warehouse, including all of its divisional managers and he expects compliance to all corporate objectives and procedures from his subordinate management staff. Steele appears to have a considerable respect for the nature of the authoritarian hierarchy in which power is distributed from a centralised entity, in this case the corporate office. Many of Steele’s beliefs regarding politics are fundamentally pluralistic. Reynolds (1996) suggests that pluralistic leaders often believe that democratic systems, in which individuals are given the autonomy to vote and assist in decision-making, are both unworkable and undesirable. The author further implies that pluralistic leaders tend to believe that subordinates lack the tangible ability to intellectually contribute to policy-making and lack the rationale to provide assistance in all aspects of decision-making. Under this assumption, Steele can be categorised as pluralistic, sharing these values as he routinely cites the various character flaws of his subordinate manager Harry Katama to all levels of the business. When Steele is discussing the nature of employment under Katama, he consistently identifies that their associate workers will be both low-skilled and not generally intelligent. This

Pros and Cons of Introduction of Information Technology Essay

Pros and Cons of Introduction of Information Technology - Essay Example Since economy, education, society, psychology, religion, education and science and technology are reciprocally interconnected, the change in one directly influence the change in other. In the current paper, the evolution of information technology and the affect of introduction of Information technology on various spheres of human life have been studied. The impact of information technology on some of the common features such as productivity, health and democracy has been studied. The advantages and disadvantages of introduction of information technology in these areas have also been discussed. Evolution of Information Technology: The invention of mechanical computer by Charles Babbage, an English mathematician in 1822 opened the door for modern computing. During 1840’s the electrochemical age made a steep progress and thus the conversion of information to electric impulse harnessed the computing and later Herman Hollerith made an electromechanical computer in the year 1880. Howard Aiken, a research scholar at Harvard University made first modern computer in 1942 that was 8 feet tall and 51 feet long and it is known as first generation computer (Kumar, 2003). In the year 1948, first high speed general computer called as ENIAC (Numerical integrator and computer) was developed by the researchers at United States. It was having many vacuum tubes and it was having large size. Transistors were developed in the year 1943 and these were later introduced in the computers during 1960s.

Film Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film Analysis - Research Paper Example Mario Puzo’s book was optioned from the first fifty pages written in a unilateral decision by the head of Paramount Studios. Many studio executives and technicians distanced themselves from the idea of making this film because the Kirk Douglas film â€Å"The Brotherhood† had failed so badly in 1970. Coppola saw that flop as an indicator that films based on Italian-Americans should not be cast with non Italian-Americans. â€Å"I liked the idea of starting the movie†¦with, ‘I believe in America,’ because it’s what the whole movie is about,† reflected Francis Ford Coppola. â€Å"It’s saying that our country should be our family in a way, that it should afford us the protection and the honour that, in a strange way, this Mafia family does.† (Hogg) So, Coppola set out to write a movie about a traditional Italian-American family, an organized crime family and the American family; all of these families with common tradition and his tory and, most importantly, the American dream as foundations. Production History Paramount sought Coppola to direct The Godfather based on his Italian heritage. The studio felt the product could be more realistic if someone from those traditions led the project. Considering Coppola was broke and in the process of being evicted, it surprised everyone when he turned down the project because he did not like the novel. (Hogg) George Lucas intervened and Coppola found something he liked: the idea of the metaphoric connection among social, business and national family identity and process. Michael was America. For studio purposes, Coppola needed to insert some gangster film symbols (Manchel 2003), but the theme is family. The first production battle involved setting. The original script was set in the 1960s and 1970s, with hippies. (Hogg) The story was based on 1945-1955 events within the crime family. Coppola fought for and won the additional budget for a period film instead of saving m oney with a contemporary setting. The production budget was quickly increasing from $2 million to $6.8 million. One reason the studio requested Coppola was the director’s thrift in production. The Coppola vision for The Godfather, however, was not inexpensive. Casting proved to be the next production obstacle. Coppola believed other films failed at the box office because moviegoers did not believe Kirk Douglas as an Italian crime boss. Coppola wanted Italian heritage actors. The studio wanted Robert Redford to play Michael. (Hogg) Finally, the studio assigned a crew to film The Godfather. Coppola fired almost everyone because of the corrupt, undermining studio politics among the disorganized and poor teamwork oriented studio employees. The studio thought Coppola would do as instructed since he, superficially, needed the money. The studio was incorrect, but ultimately rewarded for their difficulties with an $86 million gross in the first two months (1972 dollars). Coppola esta blished himself as the auteur director that he dreamed of becoming; however, this dream reduced his capacity to be a writer-director as he originally wanted. (Hogg) Artistic Importance â€Å"Coppola’s The Godfather, Part One is distinguished among other things by the number of scales or levels upon which it operates. In its combination of epic structure and highly individuated family melodrama, it is perhaps the American Film which most closely approximates the nineteenth-century

Youngwomen, self-esteem, and the confidence gap Essay Example for Free

Youngwomen, self-esteem, and the confidence gap Essay In 1990, The American Association of University Women conducted a national survey to find out the attitudes that three thousand boys and girls between the ages of nine and fifteen had about themselves and school. From their findings, they found that as young girls reach adolescence their self-esteem drops rapidly. It was also found that this loss of confidence was severe among ethnic groups. The survey also helped to support years of research evidence documenting gender bias in American Education. Peggy Orenstein in association with the American Association of University Women released her book SchoolGirls: Young women, self-esteem, and the confidence gap in 1994 in response to the survey report entitled Shortchanging Girls, Shortchanging America. In this book, Orenstein writes of her first hand experience with a behind the scenes look of adolescent girls everyday lives. The narrative explores the human side of the statistics found during the report as well as providing insight into how the education system often restricts girls from getting the experience they deserve. The first two parts of the book take place at two California middle schools, which are fifty miles apart from one another, but they seem like two different worlds. Weston is a predominately white suburban middle school with a reputation for excellence, while Audubon is located in a beleaguered urban community that is ninety percent ethnic minority, mostly poor or working poor (p. xxii). My criteria was simple, says Orenstein, I chose schools based on their racial and economic makeup and the willingness of the administrators, teachers, and students to participate (p. xxi). Results from both of these schools in which Orenstein observed are presented in both sections. The third section of the book, is spent in a classroom where gender equity is practiced. The findings from Weston are separated into six chapters. The first of these chapters discusses how girls learn to be silent, inactive participants in the classroom. Orenstein points out that the ratio of talk in the classroom was approximately five boys to one girl. Chapter two shows how the hidden curriculum teaches girls to be submissive and deferential. Girls are seen as facing much contradiction. They are supposed to be outspoken, yet they face a thin line on just how far they should carry out this characteristic. In chapter three, an even more contradictory line is examined. Girls protest to being called a schoolgirl, but being called a slut is not a good thing either. They constantly have to supervise their intelligence and their sexual desire.

Symbolism of Trains in Novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy

Symbolism of Trains in Novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy   Anna Karenina, written by Leo Tolstoy, follows the accounts of Anna who begins an affair with another man, as a result of their affair falls from moral decency and eventually commits suicide by throwing herself in front of train. Tolstoy was a firm believer in punishing his female characters for falling into passions of disgracing romance and sexual desires. The theme of trains and railroads is found throughout the novel and it is very apparent that Leo Tolstoy had a distinct dislike of the railroads. Tolstoy was not a fan of the new advancement of trains in Russia and even went as far to say, The railroad is to travel as a whore is to love (Jahn 1). Anna Karenina is full of important scenes on trains and in train stations, but they also serve as a means of progressing the story line. Tolstoy felt that trains were destroying the old Russian way of life in favor of a new industrial and capitalistic Russia, while moving away from traditions and simplicity. Anna Karenina is a victim of her love affair, committing suicide by throwing herself under a train, while the theme of trains and railroads pierces the entire story. Tolstoy incorporates the symbols of railroads and trains as motifs of tragedy brought by the advancing progress of Western technology in Russian society, the destructive nature of trains, and how characters such as Levin serve as a reminder of how trains are destroying closeness to nature and old true values. The imagery of trains reappears through the entire plot, playing a significant role in the novels course of events as well as having a great impact on the atmosphere of the novel. Annas life of restlessness and travel is tied to trains, all the main meetings happening in trains or at train stations. Her little son Seryozha also takes a keen interest with trains and is seen, carrying something which served as a train (8). By having the children in the novel taking an interest in trains, it is showing how the railways and trains have already become popular even with the next generation of Russians, as well as foreshadowing how the railways will become the future means of transportation in the country. Tolstoy also makes an important addition by Annas brother Stepan mentioning to Alexei how he, would very much like to get [the] vacant post as a member of the commission [of] the United Agency for Mutual Credit Balance of the Southern Railway Lines (Tolstoy 721). Tolstoy includes this det ail due to the fact that working in the railways was a very coveted and desirable in Russia since railroads were so popular and in such high demand. For Tolstoy, trains are creations of both iron and technology which represent a brute force of sin, darkness and passions that break the human spirit and lead individuals to fall from moral decency. Anna and Vronskys romance begins and ends at the train station, the arrival of the train kills the watchman at the station and sets Annas first interaction with Vronsky is overlaid with death and foreshadows Annas eventual demise. After the, watchman, [who was] either too drunk or too bundled up had not heard the train and had been run over by the train Anna feels that this was a bad omen and is the first sign of the inevitable and tragic destiny of Anna Karenina (29). This scene is very important due to the imagery of the train itself as it pulls into the station. The train has a foreboding and dark presence when pulling into the station, as those could feel, something heavy causing the platform to tremble slowing down and shaking the platform still more and once it pulled in those could see, the coupling rod of the middle wheel slowly and rhythmically turning and straightening the vivid description of the train in this scene gives it an evil and unnatural aura it as it pulls into the station (60).   Tolstoys incorporation of describing the imagery of the train as an almost evil and foreboding presence sets the tone for the eventual death and demise of Anna, her path to her own death left the station as soon as she began her affair with Vronsky. Anna and Vronskys fateful affair began and ended at the train station. For instance when Vronsky sees Anna off to St. Petersburg on the train, he admits his love for Anna at the station, confessing to her how, Not one of your words, not one of your movements will I ever forget I cannot. The very spark of their relationship is tied to this scene as Anna [clutched] at the cold door post and entered the [entrance] of the [train] carriage at the moment she felt the, magical, strained condition that had tormented her had not only renewed itself, but grew stronger (103). This scene at the train station is one of the most crucial aspects of the novel as this almost magical explanation of Anna falling for Vronsky is symbolic of Anna succumbing to the dark passion of adultery and the beginning of her fall from decency and morality.   In the end of the novel just seconds before Anna dies under the wheels of the train, something huge and implacable pushed at her head and dragged her ov er it is almost as if she was crushed by the force of her own sins (768). Their fateful relationship can be compared to that of a train leaving the station, it begins slowly, but once it gains momentum it quickly escalates to a speed that is out of both Anna and Vronskys control. Tolstoy, is able to express his dissatisfaction with railroads and trains through the characters and words of Oblonsky and Levin, as a way to demonstrate how Russia is slowly moving away from tradition and old values and moving more towards an industrial and capitalistic society. Levin is seen many times throughout the novel showing a distaste for the railroads and blames criticizes them for the disastrous condition of agriculture in Russia which was disrupting the traditional the use of agriculture throughout Russia (483). Levin also criticizes the railroads when he was, writing a new chapter on the reasons for the unprofitable state of agriculture in Russia due to the incorrect use incorrect use of land through the railways and instead of contributing to agriculture the railways had outstripped agriculture and halted it (483-484). Tolstoy blamed Europe in spoiling Russia with a strive for modern technology and disrupting the normal way of life. Tolstoy also uses characters such as Lafitte as an example of how greed and   other dishonest merchants without whom there would have been no railways, he feels that trains and merchants are destroying the old Russian way of life in favor of a new industrial and capitalistic Russia (506). Tolstoy describes those who work in the railroads as those with little to no morals and are extremely greedy, furthering his dislike of the railroads. The analysis of train and motifs in Anna Karenina requires mentioning the opposite symbols of wood and nature. Tolstoy uses the power of nature as an opposite to images of the new coming era of progress, the warmth of wood opposes the coldness of iron. The generosity of poor peasants who share their bread and vodka with Veslosvky and how [they] absolutely refused to take money which contrasts the greediness of the merchants (568), peasants use wooden carts instead of iron trains which shows their closeness to nature and simplicity. Tolstoy believed that living in big cities corrupts the soul, and that is why Kitty and Levin are such an exemplary couple of this when they finally move into a country estate and are near the peasants, because they embody the ideal of a good family and thus must be close to the ground. Tolstoy describes in the novel the peasants methods of agriculture and the burden of their labour unites them. Tolstoy praises hard work and values the work of a peasant o r a learned profession much more than the activities of capitalists (588). They are bound to earth and oppose progress with railways and trains, that tear the ties with the land and cross it painlessly, the peasants represent closeness to nature and fidelity to traditions. The well-known novel of Leo Tolstoys Anna Karenina raises numerous moral questions and vividly represents authors opinions concerning, moral purity, decency and traditions. The images and themes of trains and railways are ones of the most significance in the entire novel, they start the story of Anna Karenina and finish it. However, the trains are what begins the ill-fated affair of both Anna and Vrosnky and cause Annas fall from moral decency and grace.   Through the character of Levin, Tolstoy is able to convey his beliefs that the railway are to blame for the disruption and ruin of Russian agriculture. Throughout the novel trains are seen as foreboding and unnatural and are seen as unstoppable in converting the country to a new means of transportation. Railways and trains are the symbols of progress, which according to Tolstoy is evil, he opposes the artificial coldness of iron to warmth of nature. Tolstoy believes that decency and goodness appear only in following traditio ns, hard labour, upholding moral decency proximity to ground and nature. Works Cited Jahn, Gary R. The Image of the Railroad in Anna Karenina. The Slavic and East European Journal, vol. 25, no. 2, 1981, pp. 1-10., www.jstor.org/stable/307952. Tolstoy, Leo, and Translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky. Anna Karenina. NY: Penguin, 2004. Print.

College Admissions Essay: Aunt Joan and Yoga :: College Admissions Essays

Aunt Joan and Yoga Up until about 40 years ago, yoga was practically unknown to most Americans. When it was introduced to the United States in the '60s, people believed in the incorrect stereotype that it was done only by "hippies," "flower children," and "druggies." Today the term "yoga" is more widely known, now that it is becoming trendier. Yoga is a discipline with a scientific background that was developed over 2000 years ago. In this system of self-development the restless mind is calmed and energy is placed into constructive channels. It is not a religion as some people may be led to believe. It is a philosophy of life. The lessons learned are just as relevant today as they were when they were first created, still keeping the main principle that before you can train your mind to reach a higher consciousness you must first discipline your body. Yoga's popularity is largely due to its wide range of benefits, including therapeutic effects, muscle toning, energy increasing and concentration of the mind. It is also in question as to whether yoga should be considered an art form. My aunt, Joan Brown, is a hatha yoga instructor and is of the opinion that her profession is related to dance. She considers yoga and dance to be part of a natural partnership, both being creative, using fluid movements, stretching, and flexing. Correct breathing is also necessary to be successful in both dance and yoga. Many yoga instructors are known to have some dance training as well. There is also a best-selling video that The New York City Ballet Co. has created which combines dance steps and yoga postures. Joan grew up on the northwest side of Chicago and began studying hatha yoga in the early '70s and has continued to do so ever since. She studied the science and philosophy of yoga at the Himalayan Institute for about 12 years and then later at the Temple of Kriya Yoga for approximately 11 years. Joan feels fortunate that she got started on this path at the right time because she had the opportunity to study under the great teachers that had come from India. For her to become an instructor of yoga, a bachelor degree in the arts wasn't needed, but specific studies were. She completed her certification Level 1 and Level 2 at the Temple of Kriya Yoga.

Microprocessor and Interfacing

UNIT II- Peripherals and Interfacing PIO 8255 The parallel input-output port chip 8255 is also called as programmable peripheral input-output port. The Intel’s 8255 is designed for use with Intel’s 8-bit, 16-bit and higher capability microprocessors. It has 24 input/output lines which may be individually programmed in two groups of twelve lines each, or three groups of eight lines. The two groups of I/O pins are named as Group A and Group B. Each of these two groups contains a subgroup of eight I/O lines called as 8-bit port and another subgroup of four lines or a 4-bit port.Thus Group A contains an 8-bit port A along with a 4-bit port. C upper. PIO 8255 †¢ The port A lines are identified by symbols PA0-PA7 while the port C lines are identified as PC4-PC7. Similarly, GroupB contains an 8-bit port B, containing lines PB0-PB7 and 4-bit port C with lower bits PC0- PC3. The port C upper and port C lower can be used in combination as an 8-bitport C. †¢ Both the por t C are assigned the same address. Thus one may have either three 8-bit I/O ports or two 8-bit and two 4-bit ports from 8255. All of these ports can function independently either as input or as output ports.This can be achieved by programming the bits of an internal register of 8255 called as control word register ( CWR ). PIO 8255 †¢ The internal block diagram and the pin configuration of 8255 are shown in fig. †¢ The 8-bit data bus buffer is controlled by the read/write control logic. The read/write control logic manages all of the internal and external transfers of both data and control words. †¢ RD, WR, A1, A0 and RESET are the inputs provided by the microprocessor to the READ/ WRITE control logic of 8255. The 8-bit, 3-state bidirectional buffer is used to interface the 8255 internal data bus with the external system data bus.PIO 8255 †¢ This buffer receives or transmits data upon the execution of input or output instructions by the microprocessor. The contro l words or status information is also transferred through the buffer. †¢ The signal description of 8255 are briefly presented as follows : †¢ PA7-PA0: These are eight port A lines that acts as either latched output or buffered input lines depending upon the control word loaded into the control word register. †¢ PC7-PC4 : Upper nibble of port C lines. They may act as either output latches or input buffers lines. PIO 8255 This port also can be used for generation of handshake lines in mode 1 or mode 2. †¢ PC3-PC0 : These are the lower port C lines, other details are the same as PC7-PC4 lines. †¢ PB0-PB7 : These are the eight port B lines which are used as latched output lines or buffered input lines in the same way as port A. †¢ RD : This is the input line driven by the microprocessor and should be low to indicate read operation to 8255. †¢ WR : This is an input line driven by the microprocessor. A low on this line indicates write operation. PIO 8255 †¢ CS : This is a chip select line.If this line goes low, it enables the 8255 to respond to RD and WR signals, otherwise RD and WR signal are neglected. †¢ A1-A0 : These are the address input lines and are driven by the microprocessor. These lines A1-A0 with RD, WR and CS from the following operations for 8255. These address lines are used for addressing any one of the four registers, i. e. three ports and a control word register as given in table below. †¢ In case of 8086 systems, if the 8255 is to be interfaced with lower order data bus, the A0 and A1 pins of 8255 are connected with A1 and A2 respectively.RD 0 0 0 0 RD 1 1 1 1 RD X 1 WR 1 1 1 1 WR 0 0 0 0 WR X 1 CS 0 0 0 0 CS 0 0 0 0 CS 1 0 A1 0 0 1 1 A1 0 0 1 1 A1 X X A0 0 1 0 1 A0 0 1 0 1 A0 X X Input (Read) cycle Port A to Data bus Port B to Data bus Port C to Data bus CWR to Data bus Output (Write) cycle Data bus to Port A Data bus to Port B Data bus to Port C Data bus to CWR Function Data bus tristated Data bu s tristated Control Word Register PIO 8255. †¢ D0-D7 : These are the data bus lines those carry data or control word to/from the microprocessor. †¢ RESET : A logic high on this line clears the control word register of 8255.All ports are set as input ports by default after reset. Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) †¢ 1. 2. 3. 4. †¢ It has a 40 pins of 4 groups. Data bus buffer Read Write control logic Group A and Group B controls Port A, B and C Data bus buffer: This is a tristate bidirectional buffer used to interface the 8255 to system databus. Data is transmitted or received by the buffer on execution of input or output instruction by the CPU. Control word and status information are also transferred through this unit. †¢ Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. )Read/Write control logic: This unit accepts control signals ( RD, WR ) and also inputs from address bus and issues commands to individual group of control blocks ( Group A, Group B). †¢ It has the following pins. a) CS – Chipselect : A low on this PIN enables the communication between CPU and 8255. b) RD (Read) – A low on this pin enables the CPU to read the data in the ports or the status word through data bus buffer. †¢ Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) WR ( Write ) : A low on this pin, the CPU can write data on to the ports or on to the control register through the data bus buffer. ) RESET: A high on this pin clears the control register and all ports are set to the input mode e) A0 and A1 ( Address pins ): These pins in conjunction with RD and WR pins control the selection of one of the 3 ports. †¢ Group A and Group B controls : These block receive control from the CPU and issues commands to their respective ports. c) Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) †¢ Group A – PA and PCU ( PC7 -PC4) †¢ Group B – PCL ( PC3 – PC0) †¢ Control word register can only be written int o no read operation of the CW register is allowed. a) Port A: This has an 8 bit latched/buffered O/P and 8 bit input latch. It can be programmed in 3 modes – mode 0, mode 1, mode 2. b) Port B: This has an 8 bit latched / buffered O/P and 8 bit input latch. It can be programmed in mode 0, mode1. Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture). c) Port C : This has an 8 bit latched input buffer and 8 bit out put latched/buffer. This port can be divided into two 4 bit ports and can be used as control signals for port A and port B. it can be programmed in mode 0. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ These are two basic modes of operation of 8255.I/O mode and Bit Set-Reset mode (BSR). †¢ In I/O mode, the 8255 ports work as programmable I/O ports, while in BSR mode only port C (PC0-PC7) can be used to set or reset its individual port bits. †¢ Under the I/O mode of operation, further there are three modes of operation of 8255, so as to support different types of applications, mode 0, mode 1 and mode 2. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ BSR Mode: In this mode any of the 8-bits of port C can be set or reset depending on D0 of the control word. The bit to be set or reset is selected by bit select flags D3, D2 and D 1 of the CWR as given in table. I/O Modes : a) Mode 0 ( Basic I/O mode ): This mode is also called as basic input/output mode. This mode provides simple input and output capabilities using each of the three ports. Data can be simply read from and written to the input and output ports respectively, after appropriate initialisation. D3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 D2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Selected bits of port C D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 BSR Mode : CWR Format PA 8 2 5 5 PCU PCL PA6 – PA7 PC4 – PC7 PC0-PC3 PB PB0 – PB7 8 2 5 5 PA PCU PCL PB PA PC PB0 – PB7 All Output Port A and Port C acting as O/P. Port B acting as I/PMode 0 Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ 1. The salient features of this mode are a s listed below: Two 8-bit ports ( port A and port B )and two 4-bit ports (port C upper and lower ) are available. The two 4-bit ports can be combinedly used as a third 8-bit port. Any port can be used as an input or output port. Output ports are latched. Input ports are not latched. A maximum of four ports are available so that overall 16 I/O configuration are possible. All these modes can be selected by programming a register internal to 8255 known as CWR. 2. 3. 4. †¢ Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. †¢ The control word register has two formats. The first format is valid for I/O modes of operation, i. e. modes 0, mode 1 and mode 2 while the second format is valid for bit set/reset (BSR) mode of operation. These formats are shown in following fig. D7 1 D6 X D5 X D4 X D3 D2 D1 D0 0- Reset 0-for BSR mode Bit select flags D3, D2, D1 are from 000 to 111 for bits PC0 TO PC71- Set I/O Mode Control Word Register Format and BSR Mode Control Word Register Format PA3 PA2 PA1 PA0 R D CS GND A1 A0 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PB0 PB1 PB2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 WR Reset D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Vcc PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 8255A 8255A Pin Configuration = D0-D7 CS RESET 8255A A0 A1 RD PA0-PA7 PC4-PC7 PC0-PC3 PB0-PB7 Vcc WR GND Signals of 8255 3 Group A control 1 D0-D7 Data bus Buffer 8 bit int data bus 4 Group A Port A(8) PA0-PA7 Group A Port C upper(4) Group B Port C Lower(4) PC7-PC4 PC0-PC3 2 RD WR A0 A1 RESET CS Block Diagram of 8255 READ/ WRITE Control Logic Group B control PB7-PB0 Group B Port B(8) D7 D6 D5 Mode for Port A D4 PA D3 PC U D2 Mode for PB D1 PB D0 PC LMode Set flag 1- active 0- BSR mode Group – A 1 Input PC u 0 Output 1 Input PA 0 Output 00 – mode 0 Mode 01 – mode 1 Select of PA 10 – mode 2 Group – B PCL PB Mode Select 1 Input 0 Output 1 Input 0 Output 0 mode- 0 1 mode- 1 Control Word Format of 8255 Modes of Oper ation of 8255 (cont.. ) b) Mode 1: ( Strobed input/output mode ) In this mode the handshaking control the input and output action of the specified port. Port C lines PC0-PC2, provide strobe or handshake lines for port B. This group which includes port B and PC0-PC2 is called as group B for Strobed data input/output. Port C lines PC3-PC5 provide strobe lines for port A.This group including port A and PC3-PC5 from group A. Thus port C is utilized for generating handshake signals. The salient features of mode 1 are listed as follows: Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) 1. 2. 3. 4. Two groups – group A and group B are available for strobed data transfer. Each group contains one 8-bit data I/O port and one 4-bit control/data port. The 8-bit data port can be either used as input and output port. The inputs and outputs both are latched. Out of 8-bit port C, PC0-PC2 are used to generate control signals for port B and PC3-PC5 are used to generate control signals for port A. he lines PC6, PC7 may be used as independent data lines. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ The control signals for both the groups in input and output modes are explained as follows: Input control signal definitions (mode 1 ): †¢ STB( Strobe input ) – If this lines falls to logic low level, the data available at 8-bit input port is loaded into input latches. †¢ IBF ( Input buffer full ) – If this signal rises to logic 1, it indicates that data has been loaded into latches, i. e. it works as an acknowledgement. IBF is set by a low on STB and is reset by the rising edge of RD input.Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ INTR ( Interrupt request ) – This active high output signal can be used to interrupt the CPU whenever an input device requests the service. INTR is set by a high STB pin and a high at IBF pin. INTE is an internal flag that can be controlled by the bit set/reset mode of either PC4 (INTEA) or PC2(INTEB) as shown in fig. †¢ INTR is reset by a falling edge of RD input. Thus an external input device can be request the service of the processor by putting the data on the bus and sending the strobe signal. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. Output control signal definitions (mode 1) : †¢ OBF (Output buffer full ) – This status signal, whenever falls to low, indicates that CPU has written data to the specified output port. The OBF flip-flop will be set by a rising edge of WR signal and reset by a low going edge at the ACK input. †¢ ACK ( Acknowledge input ) – ACK signal acts as an acknowledgement to be given by an output device. ACK signal, whenever low, informs the CPU that the data transferred by the CPU to the output device through the port is received by the output device.Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ INTR ( Interrupt request ) – Thus an output signal that can be used to interrupt the CPU when an output device acknowledges the data received from the CPU. INTR is set when ACK, OBF and INTE are 1. It is reset by a falling edge on WR input. The INTEA and INTEB flags are controlled by the bit set-reset mode of PC 6and PC2 respectively. 1 0 1 0 Input control signal definitions in Mode 1 1/0 X X X 1 X X X X 1 1 X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 – Input 0 – Output For PC6 – PC7 PA0 – PA7 INTEA PC4 PC5 STBA IBFA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0PB0 – PB7 INTEB PC 2 PC1 STBB IBFB PC3 RD PC6 – PC7 INTRA I/O PC0 INTR A Mode 1 Control Word Group A I/P RD Mode 1 Control Word Group B I/P STB IBF INTR RD DATA from Peripheral Mode 1 Strobed Input Data Transfer WR OBF INTR ACK Data OP to Port Mode 1 Strobed Data Output Output control signal definitions Mode 1 1 0 1 0 1/0 X X X 1 X X X X 1 0 X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 – Input 0 – Output For PC4 – PC5 PA0 – PA7 INTEA PC7 PC6 OBF ACKA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 PB0 PB7 INTEB PC PC2 1 OBFB ACKB PC3 WR PC4 – PC5 PC0 INTRA I/O INTRB Mode 1 Control Word Gr oup AMode 1 Control Word Group B Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ Mode 2 ( Strobed bidirectional I/O ): This mode of operation of 8255 is also called as strobed bidirectional I/O. This mode of operation provides 8255 with an additional features for communicating with a peripheral device on an 8-bit data bus. Handshaking signals are provided to maintain proper data flow and synchronization between the data transmitter and receiver. The interrupt generation and other functions are similar to mode 1. †¢ In this mode, 8255 is a bidirectional 8-bit port with handshake signals.The RD and WR signals decide whether the 8255 is going to operate as an input port or output port. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The Salient features of Mode 2 of 8255 are listed as follows: The single 8-bit port in group A is available. The 8-bit port is bidirectional and additionally a 5-bit control port is available. Three I/O lines are available at port C. ( PC2 â⠂¬â€œ PC0 ) Inputs and outputs are both latched. The 5-bit control port C (PC3-PC7) is used for generating / accepting handshake signals for the 8-bit data transfer on port A.Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ Control signal definitions in mode 2: †¢ INTR – (Interrupt request) As in mode 1, this control signal is active high and is used to interrupt the microprocessor to ask for transfer of the next data byte to/from it. This signal is used for input ( read ) as well as output ( write ) operations. †¢ Control Signals for Output operations: †¢ OBF ( Output buffer full ) – This signal, when falls to low level, indicates that the CPU has written data to port A. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) ACK ( Acknowledge ) This control input, when falls to logic low level, acknowledges that the previous data byte is received by the destination and next byte may be sent by the processor. This signal enables the internal tristate buffers to send the next data byte on port A. †¢ INTE1 ( A flag associated with OBF ) This can be controlled by bit set/reset mode with PC6 . †¢ Control signals for input operations : †¢ STB (Strobe input ) A low on this line is used to strobe in the data into the input latches of 8255. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ IBF ( Input buffer full ) When the data is loaded into input buffer, this ignal rises to logic ‘1’. This can be used as an acknowledge that the data has been received by the receiver. †¢ The waveforms in fig show the operation in Mode 2 for output as well as input port. †¢ Note: WR must occur before ACK and STB must be activated before RD. WR OBF INTR ACK STB IBF Data bus RD Mode 2 Bidirectional Data Transfer Data from 8085 Data towards 8255 Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ The following fig shows a schematic diagram containing an 8-bit bidirectional port, 5-bit control port and the relation of INTR with the control pins. Port B ca n either be set to Mode 0 or 1 with port A( Group A ) is in Mode 2. Mode 2 is not available for port B. The following fig shows the control word. †¢ The INTR goes high only if either IBF, INTE2, STB and RD go high or OBF, INTE1, ACK and WR go high. The port C can be read to know the status of the peripheral device, in terms of the control signals, using the normal I/O instructions. D7 1 D6 1 D5 X D4 X D3 X D2 1/0 D1 1/0 D0 1/0 1/0 mode Port A mode 2 Port B mode 0-mode 0 1- mode 1 PC2 – PC0 1 – Input 0 – Output Port B 1- I/P 0-O/P Mode 2 control word PC3 PA0-PA7 INTR INTE 1 PC7 PC6 OBF ACK STB IBF 3 I/O INTE 2 RD WR PC4 PC5 Mode 2 pins

Early Civilizations

Early Civilizations HUMA215-1205A-32 Topics in Cultural Studies Unit 1 Discussion Board Shannon Sullivan There were many different forces that have contributed to the cultural makeup of early civilization. The beginning of human culture predates back to thousands of years which can be seen through evidence that has been discovered. This evidence that was left behind by the earliest of humans is found by cave paintings that helped to understand how these prehistoric individuals lived and survived in their everyday life.One aspect that contributed to the cultural makeup is from geographical areas from where these early humans lived. The geographical region determined what their main focus was when it came to agriculture, hunting, trade and religion. The availability of these natural resources would affect the kinds of houses they lived in, the types of weapons and tools they used, the food they ate and the type of containers they used to store food and supplies (Trigger, 2003). A numbe r of social issues occurred because of this cultural makeup. These issues were the cause of war and conflicts between many of these early humans.One of the factors that caused social problems was a result of different spiritual and religious beliefs. Others factors were political, economic and the development of one’s social class. Since early civilization started, humans lived successfully in small hunting and gathering tribes. This was the dominant way of life until agriculture began to gradually replace hunting and gathering of necessities such as food, clothing and homes which was some of the main cultural influences on early civilizations (All World History for Us, n. d. ). Revisionist history can be bad.The problem with revisionist history is that it usually is written by someone who has a curriculum that they want to publicize. Most of this comes from inaccurate information from an unbiased viewpoint. Their minds tend to be made up prior to looking at the facts. This r esults in choosing facts that support their viewpoint and ignoring facts that disprove their predetermined ideas. Another problem with revisionist history is that it tends to judge people, cultures and experiences in the past by the values, ethics and morals of today's society.People in the past lived with the knowledge, superstitions, values and ethics of their day and should be studied to find the correct information. The only good thing about revisionist history is when the correct information has been given. All World History for Us. (n. d. ). Farming and the Emergence of Complex Societies. Retrieved from http://worldhistoryforusall. sdsu. edu/eras/era3. php Trigger, B. G. (2003). Understanding Early Cilivizations. Retrieved from http://catdir. loc. gov/catdir/samples/cam034/2002074052. pdf

Blaxicans and Other Reinvented Americans Essay

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Middle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Organizational Effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Effectiveness - Essay Example e employees of a Company are motivated and through their efforts, succeed in transforming the prospective client who enters into a business transaction with an organization into an active and loyal customer.(Dufour and Maisonnas, 1997). Customer loyalty is vital because retaining the existing customer is less expensive as compared to wooing new customers. Traditional hierarchical systems of leadership are yielding way to transformational leadership. The older systems were stiff and bureaucractic, often impacting negatively upon the organization by bogging down the timely delivery of efficient service and implementation of policy decisions. But transformational leaders operate along a more diffused style of networking within the organization. They have vision, realize the need for change and inspire others to work cooperatively towards a common goal. (McCollum 2005). Therefore, organizational structure needs to be changed to introduce more networking rather than a hierarchical framewo rk. Customer loyalty is conditioned to a great extent by (a) the level of service received as a function of the expectations of the customer and his perception of the service given to him (Parasuram et al, 1994). Understanding and anticipating present and future customer expectations must be a vital part of organizational strategy in order to ensure maximum efficiency in the provision of service.(Szeinbach et al,1997). Therefore, to improve organizational effectiveness, the model must also incorporate measures to assess customer expectations through a detailed analysis of customer preferences and knowledge of market trends. Furthermore, the model may also incorporate additional measures such as bonuses and incentives to encourage existing customers to stay loyal to the Company. Regular customers provide free. Word of mouth publicity for a business, they are less expensive to service because they are already familiar with existing company procedures and satisfied with the Company’ s

TMA 02 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TMA 02 - Essay Example The Parliament is the supreme legislative body, hence, it can enact any law it chooses; and its enactments are absolutely binding on all. Because of this supremacy, Parliament can delegate legislative power to subordinates and the delegated or subordinate legislation laid down by such persons is also binding on the courts. Because it is sovereign, Parliament can delegate some of its legislative powers (by parent or enabling’ legislation) to Ministers of the Crown, local councils, etc. For example, the Secretary of State for Trade possesses delegated power to regulate the licensing of those involved in the consumer credit industry under the Consumer Credit Act 1974. Delegated or subordinate legislation has become increasingly important in recent years as a source of new law because of lack of Parliamentary time, technicality, urgency and elasticity. The types of delegated legislation include orders in Council, statutory instruments (affirmative and negative procedure), and by-laws of local authorities. While these are the principal sources, to elucidate a difficult point, writings of jurists are resorted to. Since 1972, laws made by the European Communities may be applicable in the UK pursuant to the European Communities Act 1972, ss. 2 and 3. Such laws may take the form of Regulations and Directives from the European Commission and Council of Ministers and decisions of the European Court of Justice, which UK courts are bound to take notice of. As a member state of the European Community, the UK has to a very limited extent subordinated its legal system to that of the EC. Nevertheless, EC law is undoubtedly a source of English law. This is particularly true of directly applicable EC law, such as Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome, which provides for equal pay for work of equal value, irrespective of sex. In a series of cases, this principle has been held to apply to the UK. Courts have been careful to construe this principle as existing over British